Here’s a link interesting presentation on how Facebook tunes its application performance (PHP):
http://sizzo.org/wp/talks (download any of the Facebook Performance Tuning PDFs)
If your site has enough traffic to need any of these techniques you can use Facebook as a model.
One especially interesting piece is APC (Alternative PHP Cache) which caches the compiled PHP opcode so that the pages don’t have to be compiled at each request. Here’s the wikipedia page that describes some other PHP accelerators:


